time

Big Bang Theory 1) About how long ago did the big bang take place? According to the standard theory, our universe sprang into existence as "singularity" around 13.7 billion years ago. 2) What is a black hole? Black holes are areas of intense gravitational pressure. 3) Does the universe continue to expand? It apparently inflated (the "Big Bang"), expanded and cooled, going from very, very small and very, very hot, to the size and temperature of our current universe. 4) Was there really a big bang? There are many conceptions surrounding the Big Bang theory. 5) What light elements seem to support the Big Bang Theory? The abundance of the "light elements" Hydrogen and Helium found in the observable universe are thought to support the Big Bang model of origins.

 Part 2

1) What is the current calendar most of the world uses / accepts? Explain who made it and why this is accepted. The Gregorian calendar, also known as the Western calendar, or Christian calendar, is the internationally accepted and of the world accepts it.It was introduced by [|Pope Gregory XIII] <span style="font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px;">, after whom the calendar was named, by a decree signed on 24 February 1582, a papal bull known by its opening words <span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px; text-decoration: none;">[|Inter gravissimas.] <span style="font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px;"> The reformed calendar was adopted later that year by a handful of countries, with other countries adopting it over the following centuries. The motivation for the Gregorian reform was that the <span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px; text-decoration: none;">[|Julian calendar] <span style="font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px;"> assumes that the time between vernal equinoxes is 365.25 days, when in fact it is presently almost exactly 11 minutes shorter

<span style="font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px;">2) What is a leap year? <span style="font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px;">A leap year (or intercalary or bissextile year) is a year containing one extra day (or, in the case of <span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px; text-decoration: none;"> [|lunisolar calendars] <span style="font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px;">, a month) in order to keep the <span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px; text-decoration: none;">[|calendar year] <span style="font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px;"> synchronized with the <span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px; text-decoration: none;">[|astronomical] <span style="font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px;"> or <span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px; text-decoration: none;">[|seasonal year] <span style="font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px;">.3) List three other types of calendars used and how they set up their calendar (ex. Lunar).

<span style="font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px;">3) List three other types of calendars used and how they set up their calendar (ex. Lunar).

<span style="font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px;">Hebrew calendar <span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px;">The Hebrew calendar (הלוח העבריha'luach ha'ivri), or Jewish calendar, is a <span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px; text-decoration: none;">[|lunisolar calendar] <span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px;"> used today predominantly for <span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px; text-decoration: none;">[|Jewish] <span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px;">religious observances. It determines the dates for <span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px; text-decoration: none;">[|Jewish holidays] <span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px;"> and the appropriate <span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px; text-decoration: none;">[|public reading] <span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px;"> of <span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px; text-decoration: none;">[|Torah portions] <span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px;">, <span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px; text-decoration: none;">[|yahrzeits] <span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px;"> (dates to commemorate the death of a relative), and daily <span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px; text-decoration: none;">[|Psalm] <span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px;"> reading, <span style="font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px;"> among many ceremonial uses. In <span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px; text-decoration: none;">[|Israel] <span style="font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px;">, it is an official calendar for civil purposes and provides a time frame for agriculture. <span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px;">Japanese Calendar <span style="font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px;">In January 1, 1873, Japan adopted the <span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px; text-decoration: none;">[|Gregorian calendar] <span style="font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px;">. Before 1873, the Chinese style <span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px; text-decoration: none;">[|lunisolar calendar] <span style="font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px;"> had been in use since 7th century. <span style="color: #0d0d0d; font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px; text-decoration: none;">[|Japanese eras] <span style="font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px;"> are still in use. <span style="font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px;">Indian Calendar <span style="font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px;">The Hindu calendar used in ancient times has undergone many changes in the process of regionalization, and today there are several regional Indian <span style="color: black; font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px; text-decoration: none;">[|calendars] <span style="font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px;">, as well as an <span style="color: black; font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px; text-decoration: none;">[|Indian national calendar] <span style="font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px;">. <span style="color: black; font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px; text-decoration: none;">[|Bengali calendar] <span style="color: black; font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px;">, <span style="color: black; font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px; text-decoration: none;">[|Malayalam calendar] <span style="color: black; font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px;">, <span style="color: black; font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px; text-decoration: none;">[|Tamil calendar] <span style="font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px;">etc. are some prominent regional Hindu calendars.

<span style="font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px;">4) What is BC? <span style="font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px;">Anno Domini (abbreviated as AD or A.D.) and Before Christ (abbreviated as BC or B.C.) are designations used to label or number years used with the <span style="color: black; font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px; text-decoration: none;">[|Julian] <span style="color: black; font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px;"> and <span style="color: black; font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px; text-decoration: none;">[|Gregorian calendars] <span style="color: black; font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px;">. <span style="font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px;">5) What is BCE? <span style="font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px;">Common Era (sometimes Current Era or Christian Era), abbreviated as **CE**, is an alternative designation for the <span style="color: black; font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px; text-decoration: none;">[|calendar era] <span style="font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px;"> originally introduced by <span style="color: black; font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px; text-decoration: none;">[|Dionysius Exiguus] <span style="font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px;"> in the 6th century, traditionally identified with <span style="color: black; font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px; text-decoration: none;">[|Anno Domini] <span style="font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px;"> (abbreviated AD). Both systems are numerically equivalent, thus "2011 CE" corresponds with "AD 2011".

<span style="font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px;">6) What is AD? <span style="color: black; font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px;">Anno Domini (abbreviated as AD or A.D.) and Before Christ (abbreviated as BC or B.C.) are designations used to label or number years used with the <span style="color: black; font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px; text-decoration: none;">[|Julian] <span style="color: black; font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px;"> and <span style="color: black; font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px; text-decoration: none;">[|Gregorian calendars] <span style="color: black; font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px;">.

<span style="font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px;">7) What is CE? <span style="color: black; font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px;">Common Era (sometimes Current Era or Christian Era), <span style="color: black; font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px; text-decoration: none;">[|[1]] <span style="color: black; font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px;"> abbreviated as CE, is an alternative designation for the <span style="color: black; font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px; text-decoration: none;">[|calendar era] <span style="color: black; font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px;"> originally introduced by <span style="color: black; font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px; text-decoration: none;">[|Dionysius Exiguus] <span style="color: black; font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px;"> in the 6th century, traditionally identified with // [|Anno Domini] // (abbreviated AD). Both systems are numerically equivalent, thus "2011 CE" corresponds with "AD 2011".

<span style="font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px;">8) What is MYA? <span style="color: black; font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px;">A year (from <span style="color: black; font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px; text-decoration: none;">[|Old English][|gear] <span style="color: black; font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px;">) is the <span style="color: black; font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px; text-decoration: none;">[|orbital period] <span style="color: black; font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px;"> of the <span style="color: black; font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px; text-decoration: none;">[|Earth] <span style="color: black; font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px;"> moving around the <span style="color: black; font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px; text-decoration: none;">[|Sun] <span style="color: black; font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px;">. For an observer on Earth, this corresponds to the period it takes the Sun to complete one course throughout the <span style="color: black; font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px; text-decoration: none;">[|zodiac] <span style="color: black; font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px;"> along the ecliptic. In astronomy, the <span style="color: black; font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px; text-decoration: none;">[|Julian year] <span style="color: black; font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px;"> is a <span style="color: black; font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px; text-decoration: none;">[|unit of time] <span style="color: black; font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px;">, defined as 365.25 <span style="color: black; font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px; text-decoration: none;">[|days] <span style="color: black; font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px;"> of 86400 <span style="color: black; font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px; text-decoration: none;">[|SI seconds] <span style="color: black; font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px;"> each.

<span style="font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px;">9) According to the timeline site how many periods of when are there and list time. <span style="font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px;">14000 MYA – Big bang formation of universe <span style="font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px;">4600 MYA – Formation of earth <span style="font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px;">543 MYA – 490 MYA – Cambrian : Explosion of life on earth <span style="font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px;">290 MYA – 248 MYA – Permian: Largest mass Extinction <span style="font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px;">245 MYA – 65 MYA – Mesozoic: Age of Dinosaurs <span style="font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px;">65 MYA – Cenozoic: Age of Mammals <span style="font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px;">5 MYA – Stone Age: The human era <span style="font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px;">70000 BC – 8000 BC: Ice age: Extinction of large mammals <span style="font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px;">9000 BC – 4500 BC: Neolithic: First Permanent Settlement <span style="font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px;">3200 BC – 1200 BC: Bronze Age: First Pharaohs <span style="font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px;">1200 BC – 332 BC: Iron Age: Start of the Trojan War <span style="font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px;">332 BC – 63 BC: Hellenistic Period <span style="font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px;">63 BC – 476 BC: Roman Period <span style="font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px;">330 – 1453: Byzantine Period <span style="font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px;">476 – 1350: Middle Ages <span style="font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px;">1350 – 1600: Reformation <span style="font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px;">1600 – 1800: Enlightment <span style="font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px;">1750 – 1900: Industrial Revolution <span style="font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px;">1900 – 2000: 20th century <span style="font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px;">2000 – 2099: 21st century <span style="font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px;">2012: Future

<span style="font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px;">10) What is an eon, epoch, era, and age? <span style="color: black; font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px;">The geologic time scale provides a system of <span style="color: black; font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px; text-decoration: none;">[|chronologic][|measurement] <span style="color: black; font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px;"> relating <span style="color: black; font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px; text-decoration: none;">[|stratigraphy] <span style="color: black; font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px;"> to time that is used by <span style="color: black; font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px; text-decoration: none;">[|geologists] <span style="color: black; font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px;">, <span style="color: black; font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px; text-decoration: none;">[|paleontologists] <span style="color: black; font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px;"> and other <span style="color: black; font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px; text-decoration: none;">[|earth scientists] <span style="color: black; font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px;"> to describe the timing and relationships between events that have occurred during the <span style="color: black; font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px; text-decoration: none;">[|history of the Earth] <span style="color: black; font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px;">.Evidence from <span style="color: black; font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px; text-decoration: none;">[|radiometric dating] <span style="color: black; font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px;"> indicates that the <span style="color: black; font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px; text-decoration: none;">[|Earth is about 4.570 billion years old] <span style="color: black; font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px;">. <span style="color: black; font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px;">Eon - 4 total, half a billion years or more. <span style="color: black; font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px;">Epoch - Tens of millions of years. <span style="color: black; font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px;">Era - 12 total, several hundred million years. <span style="color: black; font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px;">Age – Millions of years.

<span style="font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px;">11) List three ancient calendars? <span style="font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px;">Chinese calendar <span style="color: black; font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px;">The Chinese calendar is a <span style="color: black; font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px; text-decoration: none;">[|lunisolar][|calendar] <span style="color: black; font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px;">, incorporating elements of a <span style="color: black; font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px; text-decoration: none;">[|lunar calendar] <span style="color: black; font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px;"> with those of a <span style="color: black; font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px; text-decoration: none;">[|solar calendar] <span style="color: black; font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px;">. It is not exclusive to <span style="color: black; font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px; text-decoration: none;">[|China] <span style="color: black; font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px;">, but followed by many other Asian cultures as well. <span style="color: black; font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px;">Malayalam Calendar <span style="color: black; font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px;">Malayalam calendar (also known as Malayalam Era or Kollavarsham or Kollam Era) is a <span style="color: black; font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px; text-decoration: none;">[|solar] <span style="color: black; font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px;"> and <span style="color: black; font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px; text-decoration: none;">[|sidereal][|Hindu calendar] <span style="color: black; font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px;"> used in <span style="color: black; font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px; text-decoration: none;">[|Kerala] <span style="color: black; font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px;">, <span style="color: black; font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px; text-decoration: none;">[|India] <span style="color: black; font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px;">. The origin of the calendar has been dated as 825 CE. <span style="color: black; font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px;">Islamic Calendar <span style="color: black; font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px;">The **Islamic calendar** or **Muslim calendar** or ** [|Hijri calendar] ** ( <span style="color: black; font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px; text-decoration: none;">[|Arabic] <span style="color: black; font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px;">: التقويم الهجري‎; at-taqwīm al-hijrī; <span style="color: black; font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px; text-decoration: none;">[|Persian] <span style="color: black; font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px;">: تقویم هجری قمری ‎ taqvim-e hejri-ye qamari; <span style="color: black; font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px; text-decoration: none;">[|Turkish] <span style="color: black; font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px;">: Hicri Takvim; <span style="color: black; font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px; text-decoration: none;">[|Urdu] <span style="color: black; font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px;">: اسلامی تقویم Islamic taqwīm; <span style="color: black; font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px; text-decoration: none;">[|Indonesian] <span style="color: black; font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px;">: Calendar Hijriah; <span style="color: black; font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px; text-decoration: none;">[|Malay] <span style="color: black; font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px;">: Takwim Hijrah) is a <span style="color: black; font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px; text-decoration: none;">[|lunar calendar] <span style="color: black; font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px;"> consisting of 12 <span style="color: black; font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px; text-decoration: none;">[|lunar months] <span style="color: black; font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px;"> in a year of 354 or 355 days. It is used to date events in many <span style="color: black; font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px; text-decoration: none;">[|Muslim countries] <span style="color: black; font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px;">.

<span style="font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px;">12) List two ancient clocks and how they worked. <span style="font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px;">Water Clock - <span style="color: black; font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px;">A water clock or clepsydra ( <span style="color: black; font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px; text-decoration: none;">[|Greek] <span style="color: black; font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px;"> κλέπτειν kleptein, 'to steal'; ὕδωρ hudor, 'water') is any <span style="color: black; font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px; text-decoration: none;">[|timepiece] <span style="color: black; font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px;"> in which time is measured by the regulated flow of liquid into (inflow type) or out from (outflow type) a vessel where the amount is then measured.

<span style="font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px;">13) What was a revolution of timekeeping?14) What allows for standard more accurate clocks?15) What are time zones?16) What is the prime meridian? <span style="font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px;">The **Prime Meridian** is the [|meridian] (line of [|longitude]) at which the longitude is defined to be 0°. <span style="font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px;">17) If it’s 10:00 AM in Regina, what time is it in Toronto? London? Moscow? Tokyo? Hawaii? <span style="font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px;">Toronto: 12:00 pm <span style="font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px;">London: 8:00 pm <span style="font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px;">Moscow: 11:00 pm <span style="font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px;">Tokyo: 6:00 am <span style="font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 21px;">Hawaii: 11:00 am